Louisiana Purchase free essay sample

Jefferson wanted to either expand land Or have other nations rule in the new mother land. After the purchase was done Thomas Jefferson had requested for the explore Meriwether Lewis and asked Meriwether Lewis to go explore the new land. Meriwether Lewis received help from Sewage who translated to other tribes for food and trading Sewage taught Lewis and Clark how to fish ,hunt and also how to grow crops, Sewage taught Lewis and Clark the basic skills to live off the land to make sure Lewis and Clark could survive off the land .Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark owe to use other resources to make sure that Lewis and Clark stayed healthy and keep them safe from harm on the excursion through the dangerous native filled land. Sewage also showed Lewis and Clark the After Meriwether Lewis and Clark came back, people started to move west and that is when the population started to grow. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain new and stronger allies. President Thomas Jefferson is showing that he had made so pretty big accomplishments in his presidency. At Americas youth, President Jefferson, in one of his greatest achievements, more than doubled the size of the United States at a time when the young nations population growth was beginning to quicken (Louisiana Purchase 1). Selling most of what they owned in the new nation, the nation of France sold 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi River to the United States of America in a treaty commonly known as the Louisiana Purchase (Louisiana Purchase).Jefferson had made some pretty big leaps by helping expand the size of the United States by double the size and France made a Treaty with America called Louisiana Purchase. Even being across the Atlantic Ocean, France controlled the vast stretches of land west of the Mississippi From 1699 until 1762, the year it gave the land to its Spanish all)/ (Louisiana Purchase 1). This new purchase consisted of much of the new nation, the Louisiana purchase stretched from the Mississippi river to the beginning of the Rocky Mountains (Louisiana Purchase 1).France had most of the United States owned then they passed it on to Spanish to have control over the land, Louisiana Purchase was from Mississippi to Rocky Mountains. Unfortunately without any authorization, [and] with no time to consult their government, Monroe and Livingston went ahead and closed the deal for $15 million (Dander et al. 201). Finally the purchase was completed, France officially transferred the territory to the Americans on December 20th, and the United States took formal possession on December 30th (Purdue 69).Jefferson sent Monroe to go buy the land and he got the deal for a pretty cheap price of $1 5 million dollars after everything was said and done United States took control of the Purchase in December 30th. United States of America got this land for a very reasonable price if America wouldve waited Jefferson wouldnt have got this land . France gave up a lot of land for a cheap price and Jefferson capitalized on the big accomplishment. After giving them the land in the first place, in 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte of France persuaded Spain to return the Louisiana Territory (Dander et al. 01). Fortunately Napoleon got his way, in 1801 , Spain signed a secret treaty with France to return Louisiana Territory to France (Monroe 4). France and Spain made a secret treaty behind the United States to give all the land back to France. With all the secretive meetings and untrustworthy treaties, to settle the matter by peaceful measures, President Jefferson in January 1803 appointed Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to aid Robert R. Livingston In purchasing the territory at the mouth of the Mississippi (Monroe 4).Needing a companion on this important trip, Monroe joined Livingston in Paris on April 12, and the two ministers, on finding Napoleon willing to dispose of the entire province of Louisiana, decided to exceed their instructions and effect its purchase (Monroe 4). Jefferson made Monroe envoy extraordinary to France to solve the whole treaty issue that France made with the United States. Getting there just a little too late, by the time that Monroe arrived in Paris in April 1 803, Napoleon had decided to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the united States (Dander et al. 01). Making things short and sweet, on May 2, 1803, they signed a treaty and two conversations whereby France sold Louisiana to the United States (Monroe 4). Monroe got to France and already heard that France sold the Louisiana Purchase United States of America. Once America Purchased this land Jefferson had to sign a treaty, to make sure America wouldnt take over the land America wasnt given . France took over the Louisiana territory from the Indians.France had given up everything, in 1 762, during the French and Indian War, France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi Riveter Spain and in 1 763 transferred nearly all of its remaining North American holdings to Great Britain (Louisiana Purchase 1). Knowing that this was an important purchase for the new nation, in a letter to U. S. Minister to France, Robert Livingston, Americas third President Thomas Jefferson, stated, The day that France takes possession of New Orleans E must marry ourselves to the British fleet and nation' (Louisiana Purchase 1 After conquering the Native Americans France took all of the land and gave some of it to Spain. People tried to rush the process, [even] though rumors of the purchase preceded notification from Monroe and Livingston, their message reached Washington in time for an official announcement on July 4, 1803 (Purdue 69). With much going on at the time for the French nation, France was slow in taking control of Louisiana, UT in 1802, Spanish authorities, revoked a U. S. Spanish treaty that granted Americans the right to store goods in New Orleans (Louisiana Purchase 1). When Spain heard that France sold the land to America Spain didnt agree with the treat with France. Due dates were coming up soon, [and] the purchase treaty had to be ratified by the end of October, which gave Jefferson and his Cabinet time to deliberate the issues of boundaries and constitutionally (Purdue 67). Making all of the hard work and everything put into the purchase final, the Senate ratified the treaty on October 20th by a tote of 24 to 7 (Purdue 69).When Jefferson heard that Spain revoked the Treaty Jefferson only had a little bit of time to make boundaries for the new land Jefferson had purchased. France had fought for the land against the Native Americans because France probably thought that if the land is theirs France can sell it back to America for a really high price . The Louisiana Purchase benefited us in many ways. The Louisiana Purchase helped the nation grow not only in size but also in population and it helped us to gain more technology through out time. This benefited our society a lot. Louisiana Purchase free essay sample As well as the Louisiana Purchase, the Mexican- American War and the Californian Gold Rush of 1848, the Homestead Act of 1862 and the Exodus movement from 1879 were all key turning points which eloped the process of Westward Expansion. The key criteria for judging a turning point is if the event created opportunities to go west, if it opened up land to settle in and if it had a psychological impact on the nation. The Louisiana Purchase was a very significant event as it increased the size of the United States by double overnight for only $15 million.This was a key turning point in expansion as it opened up a huge amount of land for more settlers (an extra 828,000 square miles). Alongside this it created opportunities for people to travel west as it gave access to the Mississippi river which was important for travel and commerce. This purchase was also significant in the fact that it created a more secure environment for settlers as it eliminated the French from imperial competition, Jefferson believed the French were restricting US commerce and that they tried to control surrounding territory. We will write a custom essay sample on Louisiana Purchase or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore this event affected the process of change as it allowed America to spread its resources and encouraged people to move west, such as the Indians which were encouraged to settle there. The most important reason for this event being a turning point was that it opened up a large amount of and to settle in, a lot of the further events which take place would not have happened if it wasnt for this territory being the United States and so provided many reasons for expansion to continue. Another key event which took place was the Mexican American War of 1 848 which begun because Texas was a gateway to the pacific and was a great agricultural prospect. This was a key turning point as it had a big psychological impact on the people of America as many believed in the Manifest destiny, in that America had a right to expand, and so supported the annexation of Texas which increased their purists on westward settlement. Polk deliberately provoked a war as he knew they could easily be overcome.The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in 1848 which ceded California, Texas and New Mexico. Another reason for this being a turning point is that it gave access to the pacific meaning that farming was capable so created further opportunities to go west and again meant that transportation was made easier for commerce. The key reason this was a turning point was manifest destiny which was completed after this event. America had managed to secure land coast-to-coast which was a huge psychological moral boost for America who now knew they had a lot of power with a lot of land. The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo led to California being ceded to America. In 1848 there was the Californian Gold rush which primarily lasted until the early 1 asss with millions of families traveling from around the world to California and surrounding areas in search for fortune. In 1850, California (now a new state) had nearly 40% foreign born inhabitants, showing that this event increased the diversity of people settling West, but also inspired many to go as they believed a new life could be made from theGold being found. Furthermore it dramatically increased the speed of people moving out west, by 1853 the population was approximately 250,000 whereas in 1848 the Californian territory had less than 1000 inhabitants. The Gold caused a great economic boom which created infrastructures leading to many people settling here and encouraged more to move west. The Californian Gold Rushs most important reason that it is a turning point in west;radar expansion is that it created opportunitie s.It allowed people to make a lot of money from the Gold, but also from new businesses which were now being rated due to a new market of people, and because of this and the great boom, many people started to settle here at a very fast rate. In 1 862 the Homestead Act was put into place, this allowed farmers to acquire 160 acres of land if they lived there for 5 years, or for 6 months with an additional payment of $1. 25 per acre. This was significant as it allowed small scale settlement to develop.In some ways this could be seen as a turning point as it gave farmers a chance to be economically dependent, which gave them opportunities to expand or to do other thing with their money. It also inspired any people to go west and take up these lands which could be seen from figures that show that 400,000 families set up there taking 285 million acres of land. On the other hand, there were points which showed that this wasnt as significant as it seemed.Most significantly, there was a 43% failure rate for those trying to get land in Nebraska under the Homestead Act showing that it wasnt as easy to settle west as the act tried to make it. Furthermore, land was put into the hands of men who had no sufficient foresight so even though this land was meant for farming, many people who didnt know what to do with it kook it up and eventually a lot of the land went to waste.

The Rules of the Fashion Industry The WritePass Journal

The Rules of the Fashion Industry Introduction The Rules of the Fashion Industry IntroductionTraditional Supply Chain Issues in Fashion Apparel Industry1. Changing Customer Tastes Unmet Due to Long Lead Time   3. Inflexible Supply Chain Hindering   Control4. Ineffective Information Flow Impacting Operational Efficiency Countering Traditional Supply Chain Issues The Fast Fashion Supply Chain Practices1. Quick Response to Shifting Consumer Tastes and Demands2. Increased Flexibility of   Supply Chain Through Vertical Integration3. Better Inventory Management Through Controlled Production4. Use of   Efficient IT Infrastructure   for Rapid Information DisseminationLimitation of Fast Fashion Supply Chain Practices1. Vertical Integration v/s Economies of Scale2. Centralised Distribution Centres v/s Global Expansion3. Vertical Integration in New Markets v/s High Labour and Production Costs  The Best Fit Supply Chain Practices   for a Fast Fashion Retail Company1.   Seamless Integration of Design Cycles with Inventory Control2.   Make Them And   Buy S ome3. Negotiate Shipping Contracts for Overseas Expansion E-Retailing4. Use   Efficient IT Systems for Seamless   Information FlowConclusionBibliographyRelated Introduction The rules of the fashion industry have changed. Fashion is no longer the diktats of seasonal fashion houses. Fashion today is ever evolving, ever changing. What’s hot today is not tomorrow.   The definition of haute couture (high fashion) and prà ªt-a-porter (ready to wear) no longer bear the exclusive association of highly-priced designer garments or expensive boutiques available to the cream of society. The average person be it a teen , college student, guy or   girl next door, mums and dads with toddlers, or people in their 40s and 50s ageing like fine wine, just about everyone wants to be trendy, fashionable, well dressed and smart.   Affordable, fast-changing fashion is driven by customer needs and demands and not supply.   Making affordable, fast-changing styles of fashionable clothes to the consumer is the key success driver of the fashion retailers. Consequently, the choice of a supply chain management (SCM) model and the supply chain practices adopted by fashion companies are also keeping the customer at the helm.    Traditional Supply Chain Issues in Fashion Apparel Industry As I begin to research the best possible SCM model for the fast-fashion retail company I’ve been hired for, I first seek to understand the limiting factors in the traditional supply chain management in apparel industry. My analysis of the broad issues are as follows:   1. Changing Customer Tastes Unmet Due to Long Lead Time   In any retail operation, particularly of fashion garments, there is variability in consumer demand due to changing tastes. For example tunic tops last quarter, jeggings this quarter and so on. Changing consumer tastes and long lead time from design to production render ordering of fashion garments risky. The long lead time also hinders offering variety to consumers in terms of styles and range.   As consumer tastes become more diverse and fast changing, increasing the fashion range and decreasing the garment lifecycle, whilst managing inventory becomes exponentially challenging. 2. Unpredictability in Demand Resulting in Inventory Costs The problem of selling fashion garments due to demand uncertainty has grown enormously for fashion retail houses. Adding to this problem is the level of SKUs (stock keeping units), which raises the level of uncertainty if a particular range of fashion garment will sell or not in a given season. This means the retailer carrying a range of fashion garments that don’t sell or overstock and also that sells beyond expectations resulting in running out of stock. Delays in replenishment for not having an inventory of fashion garments in high demand will result in stock-out costs. Therefore, inventory is not always undesirable. Three types of costs are typically incurred in inventory: Enforced markdown of unsold overstocked garments Loss of sales due to stock outs of high-demand clothes   Warehousing costs The level of inventory will depend on forecasted demand, frequency of orders, lead time and cost to receive replenishment. 3. Inflexible Supply Chain Hindering   Control Supply chain includes different requirements and roles from its participants. The typical participants include Supplier, Manufacturer, Distributor, Retail Merchant and Consumer. The fashion manufacturer’s success hinges on their ability to maintain relationships between each of the entities in the supply chain. In a way, the participants of the supply chain foster dependency and a slight slip at the supplier end has the capacity to bring operations in the supply chain to a grinding halt. This dependency of the manufacturer on various entities of the supply chain necessitates weighing the option of make v/s buy. The strategy involves decision on activities that can be performed in-house versus those that can be outsourced. Control, quality and speed of the activities within the supply chain are key determinants in choosing make or buy, produce in-house or outsource. 4. Ineffective Information Flow Impacting Operational Efficiency The IT infrastructure or lack thereof has a direct impact on the information flow between entities, which in turn impacts the operational efficiency of the supply chain. A bullwhip effect at the downstream has a significant impact on forecasting, production and inventory at the upstream. Even if apparel companies install IT systems, it is challenging for companies to obtain sales data that do not own their sales channels. It becomes difficult to refine manufacturing according to sales data. Countering Traditional Supply Chain Issues The Fast Fashion Supply Chain Practices Some of the key words that have stood out from my analysis of the traditional supply chain are changing customer tastes leading to uncertain demand, long lead time, inventory costs, ineffective information flow, IT infrastructure, make or buy strategies. How did some of the high-velocity fashion retail houses conquer these challenges? An analysis of the supply chain practices at two such fast fashion retail companies Zara and HM provide key insights. 1. Quick Response to Shifting Consumer Tastes and Demands The retail clerks and store managers at Zara determine the new styles to manufacture by feeding sales data back to the manufacturers. Store managers and staff relay customer feedback to regional managers on styles, fabric, cut and colours. While most fashion houses create designs for the public, it is the public that creates Zara’s designs.HM‘s design team too bring to the stores clothes that customers are demanding. HM adopts a customer-driven approach to production. By making use of traditional research methods as well as street trends, HM’s central staff and national offices channelise a lot of their effort into research and prediction of emerging trends. The new high velocity retailers require frequent shipment in small batches as an ongoing replenishment determined by ongoing sales data as well as customer preferences at sales outlets in contrast to traditional apparel supply chain model where manufacturers made typical bulk shipment per season. Both HM and Zara long renounced the traditional industry practice of spring/summer and autumn/winter collections. Their seasonless cycle involves bringing new clothes on a rolling basis throughout the year, which enables designers to receive customers’ reactions to their new line and incorporate them into more new lines rapidly. Zara has the fastest lead time with a catwalk to rack time of just 15 days. 2. Increased Flexibility of   Supply Chain Through Vertical Integration The success of Zara’s fast production is in its vertically integrated supply chain model providing total control of its process from design to sale. Zara owns most of its manufacturing capability and is thus able to maintain flexibility of the manufacturing process enabling it to respond to rapidly changing consumer tastes. About 50% of Zara’s clothes are manufactured in its state-of- the art factories. Zara uses a hybrid manufacturing approach with high demand trendy, highly perishable clothes being produced in its factories in small batches, whereas low demand variability items such as T-shirts and jeans are produced by contract manufacturers. HM does not have factories but relies on a network of 750 external suppliers with flexible lead times and low production costs.   HM also pioneered vertical integration with the distribution network. This vertical marketing enables HM to directly gain and exploit information about sales and customers and accelerate its response to the market. Vertical integration enables cost savings due to reduced tiers in supply chain. 3. Better Inventory Management Through Controlled Production At Zara, if a particular range or style of clothes sells out, it simply makes more of them. If it doesn’t, then it stops production. This approach coupled with Zara’s bi-weekly shipment to retail stores minimises overstock and inventory enabling Zara’s clothes to be sold at full retail price with high profit margins.   Zara limits each design to 3 sizes and 3 colours. Zara is efficiently able to move inventory owing to its up-to-the-minute design, just-in time production and delivery. HM, which relies on its suppliers aims to find the optimal time and supplier to order each item of clothing. On an average, HM is able to get supplementary orders in a few weeks for clothes that are selling well. At HM, the stock management is primarily handled internally.   The store stockroom within HM called the ‘Call-Off warehouse’ replenishes stores with clothes that are in high demand on item level. 4. Use of   Efficient IT Infrastructure   for Rapid Information Dissemination High-velocity operation depends on rapid information flow to a large extent. All of Zara’s stores are linked to its headquarters electronically. The entire supply-chain operation at Zara from design to retail is digitally controlled. Information flow binds the entire pieces of Zara’s operation together. Information is shared openly across business units that are highly adaptable with decision making capacity. IT is a crucial component of HM’s value chain. IT integrates HM stores with the logistics, procurement departments and the central warehouse. An intelligent procurement system processes sales data gathered from central departments. Communication on design and new product development occurs electronically between departments. Limitation of Fast Fashion Supply Chain Practices Clearly, some of the supply chain practices of Zara and HM have been a break-through in the traditional supply chain apparel industry. While the advantages of their practices are undisputable, it is important to be aware of some of their limitations. 1. Vertical Integration v/s Economies of Scale While vertical integration has several advantages, it is important to note some of the limitations. As seen from Zara’s vertical integration model from design to sale and HM’s vertical integration in distribution, flexibility and control are the key drivers. However, vertical integration doesn’t enable acquiring economies of scale. Low lead times of Zara and HM does not give them the cost advantage of high volume discount manufacturing or buying. 2. Centralised Distribution Centres v/s Global Expansion Both Zara and HM are quickly able to replenish garments in their numerous retail stores across Europe.   Although both Zara and HM have scaled up their distribution systems, the centralised logistics will be subject to diseconomies of scale as newer stores are opened in new markets and continents. Shipping garments from their single distribution centre may work well within Europe. However, short lead times and low operational costs may be impacted as they branch out in new territories. 3. Vertical Integration in New Markets v/s High Labour and Production Costs To have state- of- the art factories and replicate the manufacturing, distribution process in new countries may be challenging. Potential economic and regulatory variables such as minimum wages or unions may render manufacturing in new countries impractical.   The Best Fit Supply Chain Practices   for a Fast Fashion Retail Company Taking the best supply chain practices of fast fashion houses Zara and HM and at the same time covering the gap for some of their identified limitations forms the basis of my recommendation. 1.   Seamless Integration of Design Cycles with Inventory Control Integrate design cycles seamlessly inventory control and thereby control short term expenses with long term performance goals. Customers can be compelled to revisit stores for new designs and catering to their varied tastes through rapid response through effective inventory management 2.   Make Them And   Buy Some The advantages of vertical integration are far too many. But vertical integration as seen is not without limitations. The costs associated with rapid manufacturing maybe suitable for fast forward apparel. However, for clothes with low demand variability, a long lead time with materials and manufacturing costs savings may be more efficient.   Low variability garments also enable acquiring economies of scale with bulk manufacturing or buying. 3. Negotiate Shipping Contracts for Overseas Expansion E-Retailing Thinking ahead, as part of overseas expansion and e-retailing strategy, setting up manufacturing and distribution centres overseas can involve significant costs. It would be prudent to set up contracts with 3rd party logistic companies that enable negotiations of transportation costs based on volume and frequency by acquiring economies of scale 4. Use   Efficient IT Systems for Seamless   Information Flow Invest in Enterprise-wide IT systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) to integrate all entities of the supply chain. Use of other IT systems such as personal device applications (PDAs) by sales clerks to feed in real-time sales data and customer feedback linked to ERP systems will be a key success driver in dissemination of information which in-turn will positively aid in rapid production. Conclusion As a concluding note, emulating the success of fast fashion houses may or may not prove to be the most beneficial approach. Ultimately, the long term goal, positioning and vision of the fast fashion retail company holds the key to adopting the best fit supply chain strategy and practices. Bibliography icmrindia.org/casestudies/catalogue/Operations/HM%20Supply%20Chain%20Management%20Practices- Marketing % 20 Case % 20 Study .htm#Idea _ Generation _ and _Design

Problem solving assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Problem solving - Assignment Example These calls attention from both parties to read carefully the terms and conditions before putting a sign into a contract. The scenario in question has two parties, Bonnie Hart, who owns a manufacturing firm that produces and distributes sunglasses. Bonnie sees a potential market in the seniors who are not their main target in the normal sunglasses. He opts to manufacture the total eclipse sunglass that would attract seniors. The main attracting feature of the product is the ability to protect the customers from some harmful UV lights. Bonnie takes a step further to advertise her products in the media. To attract more customers, she opts to carry out a promotion that would see some of her customers win a two weeks holiday in Paris. The scratch ticket was to be fixed in the sunglass so that there may be some lucky winners. She contacts her printer Ozzblock Pty Ltd, whom she had entrusted for the printing job. The mistake that Bonnie made was that she signed the document without reading its terms (The City Law School, 2014). The terms were as follows; 2. Notwithstanding clause 7, the printer accepts no responsibility for any loss or damage howsoever caused by errors in printing resulting from faulty typesetting work by the printer or any of its employees. Considering these terms, the first one offers to do a considerable good work in proofreading any errors related to printing of the scratch cards before delivery. As a lawyer, I would have advised Bonnie to take Ozzblock to the court because the company did not fulfil its obligation as promised in the agreement. Proofreading was part of the agreement outlined by the contract. The damage is primarily a result of not doing proofreading of the contract from the Ozzblock printers. The case is the same as that of Administration of PNG v Leahy (1961) 105 CLR 6 (Business Law, 2014). In this case, there was a contract between

Karaoke machine circuit based in transistors+ graphic equalizer Essay

Karaoke machine circuit based in transistors+ graphic equalizer - Essay Example The circuit will include following essential elements 1. Two inputs, 1 for microphone and a second for Line input, which could be mixed and boosted with a common emitter amplifier stage. 2. A six-band graphic equalizers stage. 3. A common emitter voltage boost amplifier stage. 4. A common collector power amplifier. 5. Circuit works from mains power supply. Circuit Operation Detailed circuit operation is given as under:- Power Supply The power supply is connected to pre amplifier and power amplifier blocks. The Transformer T1 is a simple step-down transformer which takes 240 V Ac current and gives out 9.5 V Ac at current rating of 1.3 amps approximately. The circuit requires steady DC current therefore output of transformer is applied to rectifiers. Transformer works on the principle of mutual induction of two coils. When current in the primary coil is changed, the flux linked to the secondary coil also changes. Consequently, an EMF is induced in the secondary coil. The transformer T1 consists of a rectangular core of soft iron in the form of sheets insulated from one another. Two separate coils of insulated wires, a primary coil and a secondary coil are wound on the core. These coils are well insulated from one another and from the core. The coil on the input side is called Primary coil and the coil on the output side is called Secondary coil. According to Faradays law EMF induced in a coil depends upon the rate of change of magnetic flux in the coil. If resistance of the coil is small then the induced EMF will be equal to voltage applied. A transformer in which Number of turns in primary coil are greater than Number of turns in secondary coil (Np>Ns) is called a step down transformer which is T1 in this case. In this way the Step down transformer T1 converts high alternate voltage of 240V to low alternate voltage of 9.5 V with current rating of 1.3 amps approximately. This voltage is next passed on to a rectifier to obtain a steady DC voltage. Rectifier D1 con sists of four diodes which are meant to convert Ac into DC. During each half of current cycle the diodes block reverse current and allow forward current. Rectifier D1 is a full wave rectifier which works during both positive and negative cycle of AC. Rectification is the conversion of alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). This involves a device that only allows one-way flow of electrons and it is built around a four-diode bridge configuration therefore called a full-wave bridge or rectifier .Regardless of the polarity of the input, the current flows in the same direction through the load. That is, the negative half-cycle of source is a positive half-cycle at the load. The current flow is through two diodes in series for both polarities. Rectifier bridge works half time during positive sinosidal wave and half time during negative sinosidal wave. The result is a steady DC current measuring 9.5 V. This current is applied to Capacitor C18 with value 2500 uf, which charges the in put to around 13.5-14V peak voltage. This voltage is passed to a standard 12 V regulator IC1 that gives steady DC output of 12 V to run the complete circuit. In the power supply, heat is dissipated during transformer and voltage regulation stages. The capability of a capacitor to store electricity is known as capacitance of that capacitor. It is denoted by C. The measuring unit of capacitance is Farad, but Farad is very large unit. Its smaller units are Kilo Micro Farad (KMFD), Micro

Corporate Cultures and Their Impact on Recruitment and Retention Essay

Corporate Cultures and Their Impact on Recruitment and Retention - Essay Example The study suggests that global companies are realizing the importance and need to invest in the human ‘capital’. They can no longer take people for granted and sit back. Global economy is expanding, business opportunities growing but the available workforce steadily reducing. A culturally strong organization succeeds in attracting and retaining the top talent and can expect to climb the ladder of success. By the close of the twentieth century, business houses came to accept that people, not cash, buildings, or equipments differentiate one company from another. Corporate culture is moving into the limelight and proving to be an untapped asset for employees and businesses alike. Researches have shown that at the time of economic turndown the companies having strong and adaptive cultures are better able to handle the financial crisis than those with weak and poorly defined cultures. The right combination of people and culture can mean the difference between the financial su ccess and failure. As technology advances corporate culture will assume an even bigger role especially in the IT sector as competition increases. Organizations today recognize the need to attract the right brains to thrive in the competitive market and retain the employees. The norms of an organization are transmitted from generation to generation and are responsible for its financial success, which is the ultimate goal of any business organization. Understanding and assessing the company culture at every stage is vital.

Life Of Pi | Analysis

Life Of Pi | Analysis The book Life of Pi shows the Freuds theory on the unconscious mind in ones personality. According to Freuds theory, the mind can be divided into two main parts, which is the conscious mind and the unconscious mind. Unconscious mind is the greatest, and most potentially threatening is unseen from the surface. The conscious mind is actively aware of all that is going on. But the unconscious mind influences ones personality and behavior without even noticing it. In other words, this underlying influence is what each and everyone is unaware of. Pi experiences both conscious mind and unconscious mind. He was consciously planning carefully how he was going to survive in the sea by planning how he was going to spend his food so that food doesnt run out of supply. His conscious mind paid huge contributions in helping him to survive in the sea. When Pi was young, his father brought him and Ravi to the zoo to witness the brutality of the animals. He threw a goat into an enclosed cage with a t iger. As expected, the tiger eats the goat ferociously. Pis fathers purpose of doing so was to explain how dangerous animals could be. Pi was unaware that this gruesome event has changed his personality to become more ferocious. In order to survive in the sea, Pi killed fishes, sea turtles, a bird and meerakats to quench his thirst and prevent him to suffer from hunger. Hunger knows no friend but its feeder (Aristophanes 1) The quote means that when one is in the state of food deprived, one would do anything to satisfy the hunger. Pi unconsciously turned into someone else when he was food deprived. Pi was totally unaware of it because he relied on his survival instincts to keep himself alive against all odds. This clearly shows that hunger has drove Pi to act in ways that he never thought of doing in his years of life. Another Freud theory would be the Iceberg theory. Iceberg theory states that the soul of an individual is shaped like an iceberg. The part of the mind which is visible for all to see is the superego and the ego, both are the rational parts of the mind. What lies beneath the surface is a much larger area that is kept away from the public view, in other words, another self that is kept hidden away. Although Pi is a person who has his religions best interest at heart, he is deeply principled, however, he has an animal inside of him who later presents itself throughout his ordeal at sea. And that animal would be Richard Parker. It was a state of tense, breathless bored. (Martel 155) demonstrates that Pi was feeling forlorn and bored on the raft. This is the reason Richard Parker is Pi because it was all the imaginations of Pi. Pi had his survival instinct, Richard Parker inside of him. I held on to one thought: Richard Parker. I hatched several plans to get rid of him so that the life boat might be mine. (Martel 210) The id is the driving force of the unconscious. It was fear of death that drove Pi to come out with the six plans to get rid of Richard Parker. His id was so overwhelming that it overcomes his superego because he wants to stay alive. This shows that a persons id dominates the superego when one is struggling in between the life and death situation. Pi would not be able to survive if his superego was stronger than his id. Besides that, Pavlov had a theory about conditioning. The theory suggests that association to the unconditioned stimulus is made with the conditioned stimulus within the brain, but without involving the conscious part of the mind. Pi shows this theory by using a whistle to condition Richard Parker. TREEEEEE ! TREEEEEE ! TREEEEEE! (Martel 127) Moreover, Pi gives Richard Parker a share of his food and water in order to manipulate his mind in thinking that he needs Pi in order to survive. In such a way, Richard Parker has been conditioned to follow Pis commands using a whistle, food and water. The sound of the whistle acted as if it was a whip and a chair used by the ringmaster to tame the lion in a circus. Pi came up with a series of training program to condition Richard Parker such as make him drink from a pail, supplying him with food and ask him to do tricks by jumping through a hoop to let him know that who is the alpha. It successfully helped Pi to survive with Richard Parker. P i also conditioned Richard Parker by playing his feces. To display his feces openly, to flaunt the small of them, would have been a sign of social dominance. (Martel 283) Richard Parker has been conditioned to rely on Pi to survive. Thus, the theory of Palvol is clearly shown in Life of Pi. In addition, in the story Life of Pi, there is also the theory of human motivation proposed by Abraham Maslow. There is a hierarchy of Maslow in conjunction with the Maslows theory. The hierarchy of Maslow is depicted as a pyramid made up of five levels in total. Firstly, the lowest level and also the dominant level is the physiological needs. The others are growth needs namely safety, love, esteem and self actualization. Physiological needs such as air, food and water are vital to ensure human survival. When one is satisfied with physiological needs, with equal passion, one sought for safety which is the second level of hierarchy of Maslow. Pi was motivated to live by fear. Richard Parker was the one who inflicted fear on Pi to keep him surviving. I must say a word about fear. It is lifes true only opponent. Only fear can defeat life. (Martel 214) Pi was motivated to not give up on his life so easily. Instead, he fought like a warrior so that he could survive this painful tragedy. Pi also admitted that if Richard Parker was not exist, he would already gave up on his life. It was Richard Parker who calmed me down. It is the irony of this story that the one who scared me witless to start with was the very same who brought me peace, purpose, I dare say even wholeless. (Martel 216) This quote has proven that Pi survived the loneliness in the company of Richard Parker. In conclusion, the story Life of Pi is the perfect material to be analyze under psychoanalytic lens as there are various parts of the story which touches the primacy of Freud theory, Iceberg theory, Palvol theory and Maslows human motivation theory. Being stranded on a deserted island, the hunger, fear and pain are the natural instincts one could have. These natural instincts are also the literal requirements to the key of survival. It may not be a scientific truth, but its psychological truth. (Aldiss 1) this quote means that a persons personality and behavior may not be able to be proven scientifically, but it can be proven psychologically.

Hinduism Essay -- Hindu Religion

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is one of the world’s oldest religions in existence (Srinivasan 66). It ranks as the third largest religion. Today there are about fifty million Hindus worldwide, majority of them living in India (Wangu 6). In order to understand the followers of the religion, you must first realize that Hinduism is more of a way of life than a religion (Srinivasan 66). Hinduism holds together diversity and not only for its own spiritual tradition, but for the entire subcontinent of India (Berry 3). All traditions within India are somehow associated with Hinduism. â€Å"The diversity which marks Hinduism begins with the notion of deity† (Boraks 14). â€Å"There is a strange kind of unity in the vast multiplicity of the Hindu pantheon† (14). â€Å"One never really is certain whether the Hindu religion is polytheistic or dualistic or even monotheistic: there are indications that are all of these and none of these† (14)!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindus define sacredness as Brahman (Boraks 14). To Hindus, Brahman is external, is changeless, has no equal, and is infinite (14). Brahman expresses itself through creation, brought itself existence by Brahma, the creator (14). Brahma is the â€Å"sacred one† and is credited with creation, but Brahma creates and then abandons his creation to lesser gods (14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism was not founded by one individual, and it was not always the complex religion it is today (Wangu 14). â€Å"Indians call it Sanatana Dharma - the faith with no beginning and no end† (Srinivasan 66). â€Å"It developed gradually, as a merging of beliefs and practices of two main groups - the people of the Indus Valley in India and the Aryans of Persia† (Wangu 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like other religions, the Hindu religion has its own sacred literature. Hindu literature is not considered sacred because it has a Sacred Author, like in some western religions, but because they have sacred subject matter (Boraks 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are two main categories of Hindu Scripture - shruti, ‘that which is heard’ and smriti, ‘tradition’ or ‘that which is to be remembered’† (Wangu 9). The Vedas and the Upanishads are shruti texts (9). â€Å"These sacred writings are considered to be inspired by God and to have been revealed to human kind by ancient sages called rishis† (9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of the shruti texts provides a foundation for Hinduism. â€Å"The four Vedas are the oldest of the texts and are primary script... ...elp the deceased reach the homes of the ancestor safely† (115). â€Å"The prenatal, childhood, marriage, and death rituals are also performed for women belonging to the twice- born castes† (115). â€Å"During these times, Vedic formulas are not recited, since women are not allowed to read or hear the Vedas† (115).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is made up of several practices and rites. Hindus have the ability to choose their path because of the diversity of Hinduism. Hinduism has many faces (Boraks 14). It is like â€Å"an umbrella which shelters beneath its cover a whole panoply of religions ideas and expressions† (14). Hinduism may have originated in India, but its practices have spread throughout the world and it has had a profound influence on many other world religions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Berry, Thomas. Religions of India. New York: Bruce Publishing Company, 1971. Boraks, Lucius. Religions of the East. Kansas City, MO: Sheed & Ward, 1988. Srinivasan, Radhika. Cultures of the World - India. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1993. Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism: World Religions. New York: Facts on File Incorporated, 1991. Hinduism Essay -- Hindu Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is one of the world’s oldest religions in existence (Srinivasan 66). It ranks as the third largest religion. Today there are about fifty million Hindus worldwide, majority of them living in India (Wangu 6). In order to understand the followers of the religion, you must first realize that Hinduism is more of a way of life than a religion (Srinivasan 66). Hinduism holds together diversity and not only for its own spiritual tradition, but for the entire subcontinent of India (Berry 3). All traditions within India are somehow associated with Hinduism. â€Å"The diversity which marks Hinduism begins with the notion of deity† (Boraks 14). â€Å"There is a strange kind of unity in the vast multiplicity of the Hindu pantheon† (14). â€Å"One never really is certain whether the Hindu religion is polytheistic or dualistic or even monotheistic: there are indications that are all of these and none of these† (14)!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Hindus define sacredness as Brahman (Boraks 14). To Hindus, Brahman is external, is changeless, has no equal, and is infinite (14). Brahman expresses itself through creation, brought itself existence by Brahma, the creator (14). Brahma is the â€Å"sacred one† and is credited with creation, but Brahma creates and then abandons his creation to lesser gods (14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism was not founded by one individual, and it was not always the complex religion it is today (Wangu 14). â€Å"Indians call it Sanatana Dharma - the faith with no beginning and no end† (Srinivasan 66). â€Å"It developed gradually, as a merging of beliefs and practices of two main groups - the people of the Indus Valley in India and the Aryans of Persia† (Wangu 14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Like other religions, the Hindu religion has its own sacred literature. Hindu literature is not considered sacred because it has a Sacred Author, like in some western religions, but because they have sacred subject matter (Boraks 15).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"There are two main categories of Hindu Scripture - shruti, ‘that which is heard’ and smriti, ‘tradition’ or ‘that which is to be remembered’† (Wangu 9). The Vedas and the Upanishads are shruti texts (9). â€Å"These sacred writings are considered to be inspired by God and to have been revealed to human kind by ancient sages called rishis† (9).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Each of the shruti texts provides a foundation for Hinduism. â€Å"The four Vedas are the oldest of the texts and are primary script... ...elp the deceased reach the homes of the ancestor safely† (115). â€Å"The prenatal, childhood, marriage, and death rituals are also performed for women belonging to the twice- born castes† (115). â€Å"During these times, Vedic formulas are not recited, since women are not allowed to read or hear the Vedas† (115).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hinduism is made up of several practices and rites. Hindus have the ability to choose their path because of the diversity of Hinduism. Hinduism has many faces (Boraks 14). It is like â€Å"an umbrella which shelters beneath its cover a whole panoply of religions ideas and expressions† (14). Hinduism may have originated in India, but its practices have spread throughout the world and it has had a profound influence on many other world religions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Work Cited Berry, Thomas. Religions of India. New York: Bruce Publishing Company, 1971. Boraks, Lucius. Religions of the East. Kansas City, MO: Sheed & Ward, 1988. Srinivasan, Radhika. Cultures of the World - India. New York: Marshall Cavendish Corporation,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1993. Wangu, Madhu Bazaz. Hinduism: World Religions. New York: Facts on File Incorporated, 1991.